Clover Learning Radiography Image Evaluation and Quality Control Practice Test

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• Non-conformity to the DICOM PS3.14 standard may result in which effect?
• Which formula is used to determine the magnification factor?
• The SID indicator must represent the actual SID within what tolerance?
• Which testing evaluates the accuracy of the light field relative to the radiographic field?
• A blank image receptor shows an area with lower radiation response. This may be a problem with which property?
• Spatial resolution is measured in which unit?
• 1 millisievert is equal to which value in sieverts?
• If a technologist exposes a radiograph with the wrong patient name, what is the proper corrective action?
• To reduce foreshortening of the femoral neck on an AP hip image, which action is recommended?
• Actual exposure time must be within what percentage of the indicated exposure time?
• For SID 80 cm, the light field should match the exposure field within +/- 2% of SID. What is this distance in centimeters?
• Which value represents the highest level of structural sharpness among the given options?
• To reduce magnification, which distance parameter should be decreased?
• Which factor most directly influences the display monitor spatial resolution in a digital radiography system?
• Distended loops of air-filled bowel and increased subject contrast throughout the abdomen indicate which pathology?
• Which of the following DEL sizes would provide the highest spatial resolution?
• In digital radiography, what is the effect of increasing matrix size on spatial resolution?
• Which change to exposure geometry would most effectively reduce receptor exposure for a portable chest exam when dose must be kept low?
• Which body habitus would result in the largest object-to-image distance (OID) on an abdomen radiograph?
• Which part of the x-ray beam has signal intensities that correspond to the anatomy represented on the image receptor?
• Which factor has the greatest influence on radiographic image contrast?
• In radiographic imaging, which unit is used to quantify spatial resolution?
• Which statement about detector element size and image sharpness is true?
• What primarily controls the display monitor spatial resolution?
• What does ALARA stand for?
• Which exposure time is outside acceptable limits when the console is set to 300 milliseconds (ms)?
• Which tissue yields the highest signal intensity at the image receptor?
• Which statement correctly describes the relationship between SID and size distortion?
• Which adjustment would increase image contrast on a radiograph?
• Large visible differences in brightness are defined as
• Detector element (DEL) pitch refers to which physical dimension?
• Which option is not considered part of beam geometry angles in radiography?
• Which equation correctly expresses the source-to-object distance (SOD) in terms of SID and OID?
• Which statement about how SID affects size distortion is correct?
• Exposure linearity between adjacent mA stations must be within what tolerance?
• Which statement correctly describes the relationship between kilovoltage peak (kVp) and differential attenuation?
• An image produced with excessively high mAs can be identified based on which indicator?
• If a radiograph exposure is produced with 4 mAs at a certain kVp resulting in a receptor exposure of 0.001 mGy, what receptor exposure would result if mAs is increased to 8 with the same kVp?
• In digital radiography, how is patient information embedded into the image?
• Which of the following variables, when increased, is associated with increased spatial resolution?
• What does the acronym SID stand for?
• In quality control, the maximum allowed variation in x-ray tube output for identical settings is which percentage?
• Which component is most directly used to map raw pixel values to displayed shades of gray?
• Which statement accurately describes a radiographic histogram?
• Which term describes the processing operation that increases image contrast using a lookup table (LUT)?
• Which image processing parameter is commonly used to adjust the displayed brightness and contrast after acquisition?
• Which of the following is NOT a primary contributor to shape distortion due to misalignment?
• How can a technologist correct an image of an anteroposterior (AP) hip that demonstrates foreshortening of the femoral neck?
• Which statement about source-to-image distance (SID) and size distortion is correct?
• Which of the following variables affecting receptor exposure can be controlled by the X-ray operator?
• Which image quality factor is defined as the structural sharpness recorded in the radiographic image?
• Which term describes the signal differences in the remnant beam?
• Which distance is measured from the focal spot to the object?
• Image contrast is defined as the visible difference in:
• Which matrix size is associated with the highest spatial resolution?
• Which distance is measured from the focal spot to the image receptor?
• A technologist is using a variable kilovoltage peak (kVp) chart to set the exposure technique for a table-top radiograph. If the technique chart calls for 76 kVp but the technologist uses 140 kVp, the resulting image will likely demonstrate which of the following?
• Low contrast is defined by:
• In digital radiography, which exposure outcome is typically associated with saturation on a detector?
• Which of the following anatomical parts can be an indicator of the spatial resolution recorded in the radiographic image?
• For an SID of 80 cm, the acceptable actual SID range is:
• GSDF calibration primarily ensures consistent grayscale rendering across displays, which most directly affects which image attribute?
• Which of the following statements best describes a typical action when an S-number indicates no exposure errors in DR imaging?
• If the assigned exposure time is 80 ms, the actual time must be within which range?
• Which display adjustment directly controls the range of grayscale values displayed on a monitor?
• Line-pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) are used to assess which aspect of image quality?
• Spatial resolution in digital radiography is defined as
• Gray-scale is defined as which of the following?
• In focal spot blur calculations, SOD stands for which distance?
• Using a variable kilovoltage peak (kVp) chart, if the chart calls for 87 kVp but 82 kVp is used, the resulting image will likely show which outcome?
• When the matrix size of a digital image decreases, what happens to the number of pixels?
• Define the term radiation protection.
• The irregular deviation index (DI) for a detector indicates a quality control issue related to which?
• A radiographic histogram is a graphic representation of which concept?
• Which option would most directly increase spatial resolution?
• Which statement about Detector Elements (DELs) is NOT true?
• With a source-to-image distance (SID) of 80 cm, the light field should match the exposure field within which range?
• If the matrix size is doubled (FOV constant), pixel size will:
• The law that governs the effect of SID on receptor exposure is:
• Which QA test verifies the alignment between the radiographic field and the light field?
• What is used to test a monitor's spatial resolution?
• High contrast is defined by:
• Which standard maps luminance across displays for radiography quality control?
• If a requisition calls for a two-view knee radiograph but the technologist performed a two-view tibia-fibula series, how should this be corrected?
• The highest quality radiograph would be produced by which combination of SID and OID?
• To reduce receptor exposure for a portable chest radiograph when technique cannot be increased, which action should be taken?
• Which statement is true regarding aluminum filtration and receptor exposure?
• Increasing filtration has what effect on receptor exposure?
• What is the purpose of a Look-up Table (LUT) in monitor display handling?
• Which skull projection would result in elongation of the anatomy being imaged?
• To correct a knee lateral view where the condyle overlies the joint space due to misalignment, which parameter should be adjusted?
• Which of the following angles are not considered part of beam geometry?
• During QC testing of a CR system, a receptor demonstrates weaker radiation response on one side. This issue is related to which?
• When reviewing a radiographic exposure indicator, a sensitivity number significantly below 200 indicates what about receptor exposure?
• Which projection would result in foreshortening of the anatomy being imaged?
• The milligray/milliampere-seconds (mGy/mAs) measurement between adjacent mA stations should not vary by more than:
• What is the recommended practice for monitoring exposure indicators during a radiographic series?
• The displayed SID should match the actual SID within what tolerance?
• What term describes the smallest unit of information within a digital image?
• Elongation occurs as a distortion when there is angulation of the object relative to the image receptor. Which of the following lists the correct related distortion?
• Changes to milliamperage (mA) or exposure time affect which aspect of the X-ray beam?
• Which factor can cause a region of decreased exposure across the plate after processing?
• Which factor causes quantum mottle on a radiograph?
• Which artifact is most commonly linked to underexposure of the image?
• Which exposure reading is processed as a part of the "values of interest" within a radiographic image?
• Which parameter is most directly addressed by routine calibration to ensure repeatable radiographic outputs?
• Which term best describes the process of adding brightness and contrast to exposure values within a radiographic image?
• The light field must correspond to the actual exposure field within a tolerance of:
• When can a technologist reuse the computed radiography (CR) receptor after the appearance of a ghost image?
• A chest radiograph shows low contrast. Which post-processing adjustment might be used to increase the contrast?
• In digital radiography quality control, the Deviation Index (DI) values across detectors are used to indicate issues primarily with which subsystem?
• To improve spatial resolution, which action should a technologist take?
• Subject contrast in radiography refers to which of the following?
• A DEL artifact visible in a radiograph should be corrected by:
• When the matrix size of a digital image decreases, the size of the pixels within the image:
• A QC test with beam intensity measured 300 microgray at 100 kVp and 10 mAs. A second exposure with the same technique should match within what tolerance?
• Which scenario would most likely improve image sharpness by geometry, assuming constant SID and OID?
• In an automatic exposure control (AEC) test, if an exposure through 10 cm of aluminum results in a receptor exposure of 100 microgray, an exposure through 5 cm of aluminum should result in receptor exposure in which of the following?
• When the source-to-image distance (SID) is 80 cm (31.5 inches), the actual SID should match the displayed SID within a range of
• Increasing aluminum filtration from 3.0 to 3.5 mm Al would result in which one of the following changes to receptor exposure?
• Which projection employs shape distortion to elongate anatomy for improved visualization?
• Which option might make it difficult to visualize the anatomy and pathology of the abdomen?
• The spatial resolution of a radiographic system is measured in units of
• Which is a post-processing factor that affects the displayed image contrast?
• A dead detector element (DEL) is visible within a radiograph of the orbits performed for MRI screening. This error should be corrected by:
• In digital radiography imaging, what does DEL stand for?
• Which of the following items is most appropriate to include on a radiographic image to aid identification and interpretation?
• Which measurement represents the smallest object-to-image distance (OID) among the options?
• Long gray-scale is synonymous with:
• Which statement best expresses the practical application of ALARA in radiographic procedures?
• A decrease in SID primarily increases which aspect of the image?
• Routine image calibration ensures that the image receptor maintains an accurate and reliable:
• How is source-to-object distance calculated?
• With the source-to-image distance (SID) of 80 cm (31 inches), the actual central ray must be within what distance of the indicated image field center?
• If the matrix size decreases, the number of pixels within the image will what?
• What must imaging facilities have that provides for patient protection and patient education?
• How does an increased grid ratio affect radiographic image contrast?
• Which statement best characterizes an image with long gray-scale and many shades of gray?
• A technologist observes that images viewed on one PACS monitor demonstrate lower contrast than others. This monitor is demonstrating an error related to which of the following?
• What term refers to a single detector element in a digital radiography receptor?
• If SID is 100 inches and OID is 20 inches, what is the source-to-object distance (SOD)?
• Patient motion on a radiograph will have what type of appearance?
• Which concept describes the ability to distinguish closely spaced structures in an image?
• Which of the following best describes the purpose of a radiographic histogram analysis?
• Which term describes the edge blur at the boundary of an object on a radiographic image?
• At a source-to-image distance (SID) of 60 inches (152 cm), the central ray must align to the central ray indicator within:
• Which type of shape distortion occurs when there is angulation of the image receptor?
• Which factor is considered the most important for influencing the contrast of a radiographic image?
• What does AEC stand for in radiography?
• When the SID is 40 inches (102 cm), the actual SID should match the displayed SID within a range of:
• What term (and acronym) is used to express the principle of keeping radiation exposure to a level that minimizes the potential for adverse biological damage to humans?
• The lowest exposure readings on a radiographic histogram usually represent areas of which exposure?
• An image is acquired with a 2 mm focal spot, 5 cm object-to-image distance (OID), and 102 cm source-to-image distance (SID). What is the resulting focal spot blur?
• If the technique chart calls for 12 mAs but the technologist uses 1.5 mAs on a portable radiograph, the resulting image will likely demonstrate which of the following?
• Which technique converts a measured radiographic histogram to the expected histogram by applying a transfer function?
• Incomplete erasure of a CR image receptor may produce an artifact called:
• Receptor exposure is defined as the amount of radiation striking the image receptor.
• How does decreased image contrast affect the structural sharpness of a radiograph?
• When reviewing the radiographic exposure indicator, when does an 'S' (sensitivity) number significantly above 200 indicate?
• Which statement about Detector Elements (DELs) is NOT true?
• Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting receptor exposure?
• Which quality control parameter directly influences the consistency of image contrast across a monitor?
• Which description best defines gray-scale in radiography?
• In radiographic post-processing, which method maps input exposure values to a new brightness level using a stored table?
• How many shades of gray can one monitor pixel display at a time?
• Which image processing factor influences radiographic image contrast?
• An increase in object-to-image distance (OID) will result in which change to image sharpness?
• What is the distance between the anatomy being imaged and the focal spot called?
• When the digital image matrix size increases, what happens to the size of the individual pixels?
• Which factor is most relevant to preventing non-uniform response across an imaging plate?
• Shape distortion includes which of the following types?
• Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects spatial resolution in digital radiography (DR)?
• When the matrix size increases, the size of the pixels within the image:
• In ensuring patient safety, which action would be inappropriate and should be avoided?
• A portable AP chest radiograph demonstrates clavicle superimposition over the lung apices. How should this error be corrected?
• On a radiographic histogram, the highest exposure readings typically correspond to which scenario?
• Processing a radiographic image using the wrong histogram protocol may result in visible errors such as which of the following?
• A radiographic histogram is defined as which of the following?
• Which of the following statements describes the effect of receptor exposure on image quality?
• Which technologist mistake is most likely to cause processing errors within a computed radiography (CR) system?
• Which item is legally required to appear on a radiographic image to document the examination?
• In an automatic exposure control (AEC) test, if exposure through 1 centimeter of aluminum results in a receptor exposure of 10 microgray, exposure through 2 cm of aluminum should result in receptor exposure of which?
• Which component within a digital radiography receptor is primarily responsible for capturing the transmitted radiation signal?
• Which artifact or processing outcome is most likely if histogram processing is done incorrectly, leading to suboptimal image brightness and contrast?
• A non-uniform image receptor (IR) will demonstrate which of the following?
• What is the relationship between technical factors and the S-number indicator used on some computed radiography (CR) equipment?
• What term describes the light-emitting components within display monitors?
• Increased kilovoltage peak (kVp) affects differential attenuation of the x-ray beam by:
• Which finding on a histogram indicates excessive receptor exposure?
• According to the inverse square law, doubling the SID results in receptor exposure changes of approximately:
• A radiograph with low subject contrast could have its display improved by which post-processing adjustment?
• Physical damage to the structure of a computed radiography (CR) image receptor is most likely to manifest on a radiograph as which artifact?
• Safeguards against unnecessary radiation exposure are based on which evidence?
• A diagnostic x-ray system must demonstrate exposure linearity within an error margin of what percentage?
• When the selected tube voltage is 80 kilovoltage peak (kVp), the actual kVp must be accurate within a range of which of the following?
• Plate uniformity testing in computed radiography checks for which property?
• Detector Elements (DELs) influence which aspect of image quality most directly?
• Which technical factor should the technologist use to control the receptor exposure?
• To increase spatial resolution, which detector element (DEL) characteristic should be decreased?
• The largest difference in signal intensities within the remnant beam of a chest exposure describes which property?
• Which situation will result in the greatest amount of shape distortion?
• What term describes the component of digital radiography receptors responsible for capturing the radiation signal transmitted through the patient?
• What is the process called that identifies the values of interest in a radiographic histogram?
• If the assigned exposure time is 60 ms, the actual exposure time should be no more than which value?
• Which statement describes the effect of increasing window width on image contrast?
• A forearm radiograph is acquired using 2 mA at 60 kVp. Which kVp is approximately required to double the exposure?
• An under-exposed radiographic image may exhibit which artifact?
• X-ray systems must demonstrate exposure reproducibility within what tolerance?
• Which factor affects displayed image contrast during post-processing by altering the range of gray values?
• How does increasing window width affect the displayed image?
• Grayscale calibration primarily affects which aspect of monitor performance?
• Large signal differences in the remnant beam produce an image with which characteristic?
• If object-to-image distance increases while SID remains constant, magnification will:
• Which of the following describes the factors of the image receptor that influence spatial resolution?
• Which grid ratio yields the highest image contrast given the same exposure conditions?
• How does ascites affect the subject contrast of the abdomen?
• GSDF stands for which term?
• Which statement best aligns with the concept of 'values of interest' in radiographic exposure processing?
• Which statement about filtration is correct?
• Which of the following is NOT a beam geometry factor?
• In radiographic imaging of the chest, which pathology is most likely to increase subject contrast?
• What term describes a body section that produces a remnant beam with widely varying signal intensities?
• Decreasing kilovoltage peak (kVp) affects differences in signal intensity in the remnant beam by:
• Why is validating SID accuracy important in radiography QA?
• What is the primary purpose of regularly testing and calibrating the central ray alignment?
• If a radiograph demonstrates an "S" (sensitivity) number of 80 with no visible exposure errors, the technologist should consider which action?
• In digital imaging, what does the term PIXEL represent?
• Which of the following information is required to be included in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images?
• Which distance measurement is associated with penumbra increase in radiographic imaging?
• Which of the following is used to create the patient's requisition?
• Which artifact is produced when a CR image receptor is not completely erased before the next use?
• What is the primary disadvantage of using a high-ratio grid?
• If a technologist processes a chest radiograph with the abdomen histogram protocol, what corrective action should be taken?
• How often should technologists check the exposure indicators and deviation index on a radiograph?
• When embedding patient identifiers into a digital radiograph, which mechanism stores these identifiers within the image file's metadata?
• Which factors influence penumbra in radiographic imaging?
• How many pixels are in a 2 MP monitor?
• Which of the following identifiers is required by law to be included on a radiographic image?
• What does SID stand for in radiography?
• What is the magnification factor when a 42-inch source-to-image distance is used and there is an object-to-image distance of 10 inches?
• Which anatomical feature is commonly used as an indicator of spatial resolution in radiographic images?
• What monitor size is recommended by the American College of Radiography (ACR) for routine radiography?
• Exposure of a small lead block is a technique used to evaluate which of the following?
• Which monitor calibration setting is most directly involved in ensuring consistent brightness across the display?
• What is the effect of an air-filled bowel obstruction on abdominal subject contrast?
• Failing to adjust exposure factors for a patient with severe osteoporosis would most likely cause which effect on receptor exposure?
• The central ray indicator must align to the actual center of the x-ray field within what tolerance?
• What is the primary factor controlling subject contrast?
• A radiograph is acquired using an automatic exposure control unit with an exposure setting of 200 mA and 100 kVp. If the initial receptor exposure is measured as 50 microgray, increasing the technique to 300 mA will result in a receptor exposure of which value?
• Which combination yields the maximum spatial resolution?
• In QC testing, receptor exposure is commonly measured in which unit?
• True or False: The potential benefits of exposing patients to ionizing radiation should far outweigh any slight chance of inducing radiogenic malignancy or genetic defects.
• What pathology is indicated by increased opacity in the right lower lobe and loss of subject contrast?
• What is the primary purpose of using a grid in radiography?
• To improve spatial resolution and visualize important anatomical aspects, such as fractures, which DEL size is preferred?
• Which combination yields the highest spatial resolution?
• The actual kilovoltage peak (kVp) of an exposure must correspond to the selected kVp within what percentage?
• Which of the following is equivalent to size distortion in radiography?
• Increasing the object-to-image distance (OID) while the source-to-image distance (SID) remains constant will cause focal spot blur to do what?
• Which aspect of an image receptor system is evaluated using a line-pairs pattern?
• A patient has a nail protruding from the plantar surface of the foot, creating an unavoidable large OID on an AP foot radiograph. To minimize magnification, what should the technologist do?
• An automatic exposure control radiograph is taken at 200 mA and 60 kVp. If initial receptor exposure is 20 microgray and kVp is increased to 69 while keeping other parameters, the receptor exposure will be which value?
• Blurring at the edges of an object on a radiograph is referred to as what?
• Which magnification factor would result in the greatest amount of size distortion present on an image?
• Increasing the kVp from 60 to 69 kVp with identical technique parameters yields receptor exposure of which value?
• On a portable chest radiograph of a very small patient, the receptor exposure is higher than desired even with low mAs and kVp. How can the technologist decrease receptor exposure?
• PA clavicle projection increases spatial resolution because of which factor?
• What SID value is described as the standard starting point in the examples?
• Which description best matches low-contrast radiographic images?
• Which of the following can also be referred to as size distortion?
• What important image quality factor is described as the structural sharpness recorded in the radiographic image?
• Which metric is used to quantify the deviation of the actual exposure from the expected exposure on a radiograph?
• Which combination would produce an image with the highest spatial resolution?
• If a chest radiograph has been processed under the abdomen histogram protocol, what is the correct remediation?
• A lateral knee radiograph shows the femoral condyle overlapped with the joint space. Which adjustment will correct this error?
• An x-ray system with unreliable exposure reproducibility may result in which adverse effect?
• The x-ray tube output for identical technical parameters should not vary by more than what percentage?
• Saturation artifact on a radiograph is caused by which exposure condition?
• During QC, the variation in tube output for identical technique parameters should not exceed what percentage?
• Which of the following identifiers are required by law to be included on a radiographic image?
• Which piece of information must be physically included on an x-ray image to verify laterality?
• In digital imaging, the DICOM grayscale standard display function (GSDF) relates to which aspect of image display?
• What is the SI subunit of measure for absorbed dose?
• What term describes the grainy appearance due to insufficient exposure data in digital radiography?
• An exposure at 70 kVp and 10 mAs produces a beam intensity of 341 microgray. Calculate Gy/mAs.
• The actual exposure time must be accurate within what range when the assigned exposure time is 100 milliseconds (ms)?
• When the anatomy is parallel to the image receptor and the X-ray beam is angled, what type of distortion occurs?
• A radiographic image with an S value significantly above the normal range signals which issue?
• A radiographic histogram is used to illustrate which of the following?
• Each PACS monitor must be calibrated to GSDF to ensure images are displayed with correct:
• Which object-to-image distance (OID) would cause the greatest amount of penumbra?
• To decrease receptor exposure in a portable chest radiograph when the technique is limited, which action is most appropriate?
• Which description correctly identifies the display monitor's grayscale and brightness calibration?
• An AP chest radiograph was obtained with 40 inches SID, 14x17 field size, 2.5 mm Al filtration, and a 12:1 grid. Which change would increase receptor exposure?
• Which combination of object-to-image distance (OID) and source-to-image distance (SID) would produce the highest spatial resolution?
• If the assigned exposure time is 72 ms, the actual exposure time must be accurate within which range?
• DICOM PS3.14 is a standard that controls which of the following?
• A test pattern of line-pair combinations displayed on a PACS monitor evaluates which aspect of the display?
• Which of the following is an exposure parameter rather than a beam geometry parameter?
• What process converts the original radiographic histogram to the expected histogram?
• Which term describes a computer processing feature that influences radiographic image contrast?
• Increasing subject contrast increases the visibility of anatomy and pathology due to which of the following?
• Remnant beam is best described as which of the following?
• Which option presents a correct set of factors that affect spatial resolution in digital radiography?
• Which focal spot size yields the highest spatial resolution?
• Which processing step maps input pixel values to output to adjust image brightness and contrast?
• Pixel malfunction within a digital radiography image receptor is likely to manifest on a radiograph as which artifact?
• What is the effect of increasing source-to-image distance (SID) on receptor exposure?
• What is the most likely adverse effect of processing a radiographic image under the wrong anatomic part?
• Who should justify the need for every radiation procedure and accept responsibility for protecting the patient from unnecessary radiation exposure?
• Which quality assurance parameter is primarily concerned with achieving the same image exposure across repeated radiographs?
• Increasing the source-to-image distance (SID) has what effect on receptor exposure?
• For SID 60 inches, the central ray alignment error should be 1% of SID. What is this distance in inches?
• On some CR systems, the S-number indicator is influenced by which of the following factors?
• Which statement correctly describes the relationship between object-to-image distance (OID) and magnification?